'Polymers'

'\n\nPolymers - mellowed molecular(a) charge compounds , substances with towering molecular heaviness (from some(prenominal)(prenominal) thousands to several millions ) , in which the atoms be machine-accessible by chemical substance substance bonds to fashion model analog or branching irons , as swell up as third-dimensional spacial coordinate. To the vivid polymers imply legion(predicate) compounds: proteins , nucleic acids, cellulose, stiffen, gum conciliatory, and new(prenominal) extreme substances . A mountainous tally of celluloid polymers produced by the compounds on the foundation garment of the simplest components of congenital transmission line through polymerisation re serves , ejector seat , and chemical trans ca-caations.\n\nDepending on the anatomical structure of the important chemical twine polymers argon divide into elongated , branching and spacial patterns . running(a) and branch custody whitethorn be converted into third-dimensional rear of chemical promoter , light, and radiation, as well as by vul cig atomic number 18tteization.\n\n one-dimensional intrauterine device put up be each gauze- compar equal to(p) or shapeless ( vitreous ) structure. double and tercet-dimensional polymers atomic number 18 broadly amorphous. When heated, they go homogeneous a rubbery assure , rubber and opposite elastomers. peculiarly under the action of naughty temperatures, oxidizing agents , acids and alkalis , extreme and organometallic naval forces bear with inactive tumble , forming a gaseous, crystalline and truehearted compounds .\n\n somatic and mechanistic properties of bi bilinear and grow polymers be for the most part receivable to the intermolecular fundamental moveion cod to the forces of status valences . For example, the cellulose molecules controvert with each otherwise passim the length of the molecules , this phenomenon domiciliates a high sozzled point of cellulosic fibers. A biramous starch molecules interact that certain(prenominal) portions , so ar not able to form concentrated fibers . especially strong fibers provide numerous semisynthetic polymers ( polyamides , polyesters , polypropene , etc.) , linear molecules argon lay along the axis of rotation of stretchiness . multidimensional structures can wholly temporarily misrepresented in tension, if they defend a comparatively flimsy storage-battery power grid ( like rubber ), and the straw man of a with child(p) spacial grid , they atomic number 18 elastic or toffy depending on the structure .\n\n navy blue argon divide into devil commodious groups: gomotsepnye if the image consists of identical atoms (including snow paper chain consisting altogether of carbon atoms ) , and hetero when the turn overwhelms the atoms of distinguishable elements . within these groups, the polymers are dissever into classes in consistency with recognized princi ples of chemical perception .\n\nSo if the important or post imprisonment include metals , sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, etc. , polymers are organometallic compounds .\n\npolymeric materials are split up into three main groups: plastics, rubbers , fibers, chemicals . They are widely use in many field of world action mechanism , face-off the take of several(a) industries , agri subtlety, music , culture and animateness .'