The Issue Of The Lottery - 943 Words

lottery is one of only a few that operates a compulsive gambling treatment operation as part of its regular operations, employing six problem gambling experts. Five states require a telephone number for help for problem gamblers be printed on its lottery tickets (National Gambling Impact, 1999). Are the risks too high and are the choices made when gambling beneficial for the greatest number affected versus profitability for the state lotteries, businesses who manufacture goods and services for the lottery, and the education system. Utilitarianism is a choice for the greatest number affected by this choice, with the growing numbers of gambling disorders and now with younger people gambling, this group could become the greatest choice affected in the future. Is it right to claim that all gamblers utilize their alternative perspective of ethical egoism? Is it ethical to gamble or chance your mortgage, rent, or car payment on a hunch for the lottery or betting large on the Super Bowl because you desire this for your own happiness or pleasure despite the consequences? According to Mosser (2013), this is an example of ethical egoism. A gambler, who would take a high-risk and maximizes their utility for their self-interest. Most people who take chances on gambling can become dependent on substance abuse due to the risky consequences of losing their money, income, home, car, and eventually family and friends. Next steps are depression, alcohol abuse, and drugs take overShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The Lottery1385 Words   |  6 Pagessomething isn t morally right, we get rid of it. There are, however still things that plays a part in our everyday life that we don t see the moral issue behind. Like the lottery. I had never thought about the lottery as a moral concept until I saw an old tupac interview. In the interview he stated his opinions on poverty, wealth, and the lottery. The part that got me thinking was when he said, â€Å"I mean, nobody should be hitting Lotto for 36 million and we got people starving in the streets. ThatRead MoreIssues with Government Depicted in Goldings Lord of the Flies and Jacksons The Lottery843 Words   |  4 Pagesbalances. Also within the society there needs to be people, whether they are leaders or not, that have moral stability, and the knowledge and understanding to play the role they play in a government. In the Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, it is clear that both Golding and Jackson do not agree with their stories’ government; rather Golding and Jackson express, through the failure of their stories’ government, that in order for a government to be civilized, justRead MoreAdhering to The Lottery by Shirle y Jackson1038 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Adhering to Lottery† In â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jackson writes about the game lottery, which makes the story very ironic. Unlike all of the other Lottery games, in this traditional version no one wants to be chosen, because that brings them the end of their life. Jackson explains how keeping up with some traditions that are part of people’s life, may not be the best choice to embrace a particular culture. Jackson uses the Lottery as an example to express her idea about the ethical issues such as; violentRead MoreAnalysis of Gloria Jimenezs Against All Odds and Against the Common Good1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdone about lotteries bringing a vast amount of money into the lives of many people into the lives of a few, the states should not be in the business of urging people to gamble (Jimà ©nez 116).† The evidence given in support of toward this argument does not point toward the proper thesis identified in the beginning of the essay. Jimà ©nez begins with little confidence in her ability to persuade the states to get out of the lottery business when she says, â€Å"State-run lotteries are now soRead MoreShould Buying Lottery Tickets?859 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"More lottery tickets were spent than video games, movie tickets, books and sporting events combined† (â€Å"Inside America†). About 1 in 2 million of those lottery tickets are winners. People should stop buying lottery tickets every day because it’s a waste of money, playing the lottery isn’t good for you because it’s addictive. Winning the lottery can be scary and have financial issues. People should stop buying lottery tickets every day because it’s a waste of money. Just think, what if your childRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lottery’ by Shirley Jackson portrays a small town trapped in a futile tradition due to superstitious beliefs bringing upon more evil than prosperity. The small town of people are caught following a tradition blindly or to frighten to change their ways leading to serious consequence. some however, do question the lottery but are quickly shut up by old man Warner with the belief that the tradition of the lottery brings a good harvest of corn to the community. As the community continues to followRead MoreIs Lottery a Good Idea1189 Words   |  5 PagesOrigin of gambling in the United States The first lottery was held in the America by the Virginia Company with the permission of the Crown to raise money to finance the establishment of the Colony in 1612. The lotteries were relatively sophisticated and included instant winners. All the original 13 raised revenue through lotteries. The proceeds were used to establish Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Dartmouth, Princeton, and William and Mary. Lottery funds were also used to build churches and librariesRead MoreSetting Of The Story The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthe approximate time and place. Refer to details in the story to support your answer. Why is this information important? Although the setting of â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is not specifically provided to the readers, one can assume the approximate details. For instance, readers can assume that the story takes place on rural land. When the lottery is about to begin and the residents get together it is stated in the story that, â€Å"the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking ofRead More Symbolism in Jacksons The Lottery Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesLottery: A Terrifying Trip Symbols can be used to convey a special meaning to the reader by association, especially when a material object is used to represent something abstract. Throughout the years, American writers have been using their works as a way to describe society to their broad audiences. As time periods change, writers as well as readers change their view about society. Several factors affect how readers view society in a piece of literature. To get a better understanding ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Colonel By Carolyn Forche, The Play `` And `` The Lottery ``1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of justice has been talked about by many individuals in our societies. Writers too have not been left out in telling about the same issue. All people would like fair treatment but, in our communities, we find that some individuals do not get fair justice. Authors of different genres work very hard to trying to create an understanding on the issue of justice. By use of various themes in diffe rent writing, all talking about justice, we can come up with a presentation of how justice is displayed

American Tempest How The Boston Tea Party Sparked A...

American Tempest: How the Boston Tea Party Sparked A Revolution written by Harlow Giles Unger offers an in-depth analysis of the Boston Tea Party. Unger organizes the events in chronological order starting 30 years before the Boston Tea Party occurred. In the end he touches upon the aftermath of the journey towards self-government. The book presents many engaging details and provides the reader with more of a storytelling feel. He describes the colonists hard times and anger towards being taxed by British Parliament. Unger adds insights and conclusions about various topics and the people surrounding the rebellion, which was one of his goals in his writing. He wanted to tell of the untold Tea Party s impact on American history politically, socially, and economically. The book was intended for the general public, because he wrote â€Å"ironically, few, if any Americans today†¦ know the true and entire story of the Tea Party and the Patriots who staged it† (4). Unger has many qualifications as he is an accomplished writer. He graduated from Yale and has written twenty-five other books consisting of ten biographies on the Founding Fathers and two histories of Early Republic. Unger is a veteran journalist, educator, and historian. He refers to a lengthy list of sources including newspapers, manuscripts and more. Unger has also been referred to as â€Å"America’s most readable historian.† Although, throughout the book his viewpoint was biased when he spoke of Sam Adams and John Hancock.Show MoreRelatedThe Aftermath And Acts That Followed The Boston Tea Party1522 Words   |  7 PagesFollowed the Boston Tea Party Karla Valeria Gonzalez Formatted Rough Draft Mr. Isaac G. Pietrzak U.S. History 1301 November 4, 2016 On the Thursday of December 16th of the year 1773, several men began to dump what is now worth over a million dollars of British tea into the Boston Harbor. This later became known as the famous Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea Party was the initial cause of the American Revolution and the freedom America has gained. The Boston Tea Party was alsoRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights And Grievances1973 Words   |  8 Pages† gave Parliament the authority to make laws binding the American Colonies, â€Å"in all cases whatsoever.† In 1767, George III passed the Townshend Acts to collect tax on glass, lead, paints, paper and, tea. Recognizing that tea was a favorite among the Americans, it ensured greater revenue the British government. Again, the colonists’ rights for representation were ignored and they started to boycott British goods and ultimately, smuggle tea. When the Quartering Act was passed, which specified that

Kellys Professional Criteria in Nursing free essay sample

Kelly’s final professional criteria states that there is an organization that encourages and supports high standards of practice (Chitty Black, 2011, p. 68). There are numerous professional nursing associations to consider for membership that support and encourage nurses and our profession. These organizations range from national levels to state levels and can be specific to areas of nursing practice, for example: Arkansas Cardiovascular Pulmonary Rehabilitation Association (ACVPR) is specific to professionals working in the cardiac or pulmonary rehab setting.Nurses are trusted and respected among the public, we have a vast body of knowledge through research, have attended colleges or universities, we participate in intellectual activities, the Nurse Practice Act and Code of Ethics helps to guide us, we consider our work who we are and professional organizations are available to support and improve the nursing profession as a whole. As a nurse, we may work in a facility that sets the policies but as a nurse we put our patients first by becoming their advocates. We will write a custom essay sample on Kellys Professional Criteria in Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Why did conflicts in Yugoslavia lead to war in the 1990s

Introduction The essay is a critically analysis of the reason why conflict in Yugoslavia led to war in the 1990s. According to Welch, 1993 conflict has been defined in various ways but one definition adopted for the sake of the paper is a scenario in which there exist or thought resistance to main beliefs, opinion, dreams, needs and aspiration, norms due to differences in views between individuals and can be instigated by political, economical, environmental or societal aspects (Cohen, 1993).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did conflicts in Yugoslavia lead to war in the 1990s? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, war has been defined as armed conflict that is open in nature that takes place between two or more groups of parties that are organized. This usually continues in phases termed as clashes and mainly entails dispute concerning power as well as governance and territorial supremacy. It is worth mentioning that war can be between and among nation or even individuals of a given country usually based on drawn ethnic and or religious lines. The term coined to refer to the war is Yugoslav war which refers to a sequence of campaigns carried out by military between the years 1991 and 1995 in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The war just like any other kind of war was very complex and linked with bitter ethnic conflict among Yugoslavians. Those involved in the conflict included in one side Serbs and some Montenegrins and Bosnia’s and Coats as well as some Slovenes. It is important to have in mind that in Bosnia conflict between Bosnia’s and Croats was also experienced. The war did take place in three major phases that are deemed separate but closely linked. War in Slovenia that took place in 1991, Bosnian War experienced between 1992 and 1995 and Croatian War of Independence that took place between 1991 and 1995. All the war ended in different tim es bringing with it full independence as well as sovereignty but at the same time huge losses in economic terms. According to Glenny, 1999 it is estimated that between 130, 000 to 140,000 individuals died as a result of the Yugoslav War instigated by conflict between individuals living in the former the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Conflicts and war in Yugoslavia It is true that conflict if not resolved at an earlier stage, do lead to very serious issues that are characterized by massive loss of human lives, destruction of wealth and property, environmental degradation as well as huge economic losses (Gowan, 1999). Tension among individuals living in Yugoslavia begun to mount back in 1980. It is only in 1990s that it was very evident and more likely that war will erupt. This is attributed to the fact that t the time, there was hard time in economic terms coupled with mounting desire of nationalism clearly depicted by the various ethnic inhabitants of Yugoslavia.Advertis ing Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Broadly speaking there are four major reasons why conflict in Yugoslavia led to the 1991 to 1995 war; these are not adequately or completely failing to address underlying causes of conflicts between and among worrying groups, internal as well as external disagreement as well as fragmentation within and without the parties involved in a conflicts, simple acts of insincerity by the parties in loggerheads and finally disappointment on the parts of one or the groups involved in conflicts. Historians, ethnographers as well as other scholars do agree that War in Yugoslavia was a complex issue but coin conflict based on dominance to power as the major cause (Horowitz, 1985). It is worth noting that the monarchist of Yugoslavia made up of various ethnic grouping as well as Serbs being politically and demographically dominant over the rest of ethnic group ing laid ground of insurgence of major tension. Various ethnic groups were of varied opinion of how the state will be. The Croats had in back of their mind that they will enjoy a greater degree of self-governance compared to when they were under Austria-Hungary. On the other hand, the Serbs held the view that being indpenent will be their reward for immensly supporting allies in the First World War (Lampe, 2000). This tension in most cases did erupt into what has been termed as â€Å"open conflict†. Since the security portfolio was made up of most Serbs, they used the influence they had to oppress the rest especially during election as well as killing leaders from the other ethnic groups that strongly opposed monarchy system of governance. As stated previously, various acts of insincerity contributed to more tension that resulted to conflict and later instigated war in Yugoslavia. This usually takes various forms ranging from failing to keep an agreement arrived at or taking actions that are aimed at annoying the other party. For instance, although the dominant Serbs party was ready to do away with one party system which was agreed upon in 1990 at Extraordinary Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the voting was blocked by party leader. The act lead to delegates from Slovene and Croatian to walk out which resulted to breaking of the party-thus the termination of â€Å"brotherhood unity† among them. Another act of insincerity emerged when the Axis Forces took control of a puppet state belonging to Croats. Ustasha was put to be in charge of that state. The Serbians who were at the time the minority ethnic group were to be persecuted. Similarly, recruiting Croats and those who professed Islamic faith by SS constituted an hidden agenda.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did conflicts in Yugoslavia lead to war in the 1990s? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand recruitment of Serbs into Gestapo as well as a volunteer group of Serbian Soldiers are act of insincerity (Judah, 1997). Failure of one or both of agreement signatories did instigate war in Yugoslavia. A typical example of an agreement that was not honored is the Karadordevo agreement between Tudman and Slobodan. Although a new Yugoslavia federal governance structure was in place, members especially from Slovenes, Serbs and Croats side reputedly argued to have autonomy and unitarist. The previous reasons discussed did lead to one or more of the involved parties to be disappointed. As suggested by Lampe, 2000 the disappointment automatically resulted to a number of ethnic groups to officially cut ties with the other-secession. A clear and well documented war that erupted as a result of Secession is the Croatian war of independence. The war, begun after the Serbs living in Croatia were opposing the independence of Croatian. They immediately declared their secession from tha t state. Additionally, the legal cutting of links between Slovenia from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the cause of what has been widely known as the Ten Day War. During this time, the government gave an order to the Yugoslav People’s Army to fully control borders leading to Slovenia. As a counter attack police together with Slovenian Territorial Defence blocked roads (Keegan, 1994). This led to a number of people losing their lives. Negotiation held resulted to stoppage of the conflict. There has been growing undisputed evidence that most of the wars experienced in early 19th throughout 20th centaury are as a result of not adequately addressing the actual underlying issues that bring about conflicts between groups (Judah, 1997) . The failure of the relevant parties to come on a round table and exhaustively tackle mostly the long-term causes of conflict such as unequal power distribution as well as national resources means that whatever efforts are made to r econstruct what has been damaged will be doomed (Little Silber, 1995). A number of observers five years down the line after the signing of Dayton Agreement meant to bring to an end the Bosnia-Herzegovina war held the opinion that if peacekeepers withdraw their support fresh fighting will come to light. As suggested by Pavkovic, 2000 this notion is based on chronological of events since 1172 to 1990. Not addressing and bringing to book the atrocities committed for instance by Ustasha regime did psychologically affected Jews, Muslims, Communists, non-Catholics and Roma. Internal differences also did contribute to war in Yugoslavia. From a religious point of view leaders did held differing opinion on how the conflict could be addressed. There were those who fully in support of NATO Bombing as being the only way to bring peace (Gowan, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, there was a group of Serbian Orthodox that pushed to have cease fire in place. These two acts led to resentment which later catalyzed bad blood between the involved parties. As noted by Bennett 1995, the memories left by the horror of the bombing do perpetuate a bitter sense of group identity which acts as a reservoir in which mobilization ethnic or political for the future. Similarly although Yugoslavia was made up of various ethnic groups, ethnic politics by former leaders such as Tito did instigate the war in 1990s. These kinds of leaders mastered how they injected ethnic differences into wining political loyalty (Horowitz, 1985). Coupled with politicization of ethnic identity of each and every group, proved to be lethal. For instance, during his reign, Tito who was a dictator granted autonomy to two provinces in northeastern and southern provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo respectively. This angered the Serbs. This was another roar of bad blood between the vario us ethnic groups. Additionally, it is worth noting that another reason that made the conflict in Yugoslavia to erupt into war is how the various ethnic leaders politically mobilized their followers/subjects. Milosvic, the Serbian leader, Kucan Milan Slovenia leader, Franjo (Croatia) and Izetbegovic (Bosnia) all played nationalist role that propelled them to the realm (Ernest, 1983). All used national injustice s a theme to win support of their subjects; it is acknowledge that their efforts which were always competing as regards injustice contributed to the complex mix that rendered Yugoslavia a torn nation. Last but not least, ethnic cleansing can also explain why conflict in Yugoslavia led to war. This was mainly used against Bosnian as women were raped and put in captivity till they are about to deliver (Keegan, 1994). Ethnic cleansing was aimed at displacing the ethnic group under spot light. What this resulted to was seeds of bitterness on the targeted groups that later organize d themselves for a revenge. The war was brought to an end by the signing of Dayton Agreement in 1995. Between 1996 and 1999 war being experienced by was less intense and dominated by NATO bombings (Pavkovic, 2000) Conclusion From the review of why did conflicts in Yugoslavia lead to war in the 1990s, it is apparent that war is an armed conflict between two more groups that are centrally organized. Generally speaking, the major reasons why Yugoslavia war erupted include failure to adequately address past long-term causes of conflicts, disappointments of one or both parties involved in a conflict, failure to honor peace agreement, insincerity. Additionally, other underlying issues such as ethnic cleansing, political and ethnic mobilization did contribute to Yugoslavia war. Record has it that during the period between 1990 and 1995, close to 140,000 people lost their lives. Similarly, the war brought with it full independence but also huge loss in terms of economy. The war was brought to an end by the signing of Dayton Agreement. Reference List Bennett, C. 1995. Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse. New York: Hurst. Cohen, L.J. 1993. Broken bonds: the disintegration of Yugoslavia. London: Westview Press. Ernest, G 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell. Glenny, M 1999. The Balkans, 1804-1999: nationalism, war and the great powers. San Fransisco: Granta. Gowan, P.1999 ‘The NATO Powers and the Balkan tragedy’ in New Left Review. Horowitz, D. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Judah, T. 1997. The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. Keegan, J. 1994. A History of Warfare. New York, NY: Random House/Vintage Lampe, J.R. 2000. Yugoslavia as History. Cambridge University: CUP. Little, A. Silber, L. 1995. Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation. New York, NY: Penguin Books. Malcolm, N. 1998. Kosovo. New York: Macmillan. Pavkovic, A.2000. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and war in the Balkans. New York: Macmillan Publisher. Welch, D. 1993. Justice and the Genesis of War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Woodward, S. 1995. Balkan tragedy: chaos and disintegration after the Cold War London: Brookings. This essay on Why did conflicts in Yugoslavia lead to war in the 1990s? was written and submitted by user Kyndal Hale to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

DaVinci code essays

DaVinci code essays Discuss the main characters/ relationships between characters/ internal and external conflicts. Use the characters names. Robert Langdon is a man suspected of the murder of the curator of the Louvre. He is convinced to run my Sophie Neveu, the curators granddaughter, to run. They encounter a series of external conflicts like Silas, the killer albino monk, Fache, Coller, the local polices, and the codes they have to solve. Some internal conflicts were that Sophie kept thinking about her grandfather and both had were frustrated with the ciphers. Langdons major internal conflict was the decision to run and not defend himself in court or against Fache. Plot Summary In a two days, the American symbologist Robert Langdon finds himself accused of murdering the curator of the Louvre. While on the run through the streets of Paris and London, he teams up with French cryptologist, Sophie Neveu, to uncover the secret location of the Holy Grail. Also, a conservative Catholic bishop is on the edge of destroying the Grail, which includes a secret history of Christ that could bring down the entire church. Whoever is ordering the deaths of the Grail's guardians, most likely modern-day members of an ancient society started by the famed Knights Templar must be stopped before the treasure is lost forever. In order to do so, Langdon and Neveu have to solve a series of ciphers, riddles, and codes while also evading the French police commander, Fache and a murderous albino monk named Silas. Right now, (halfway) they are stuck solving ingenious riddles and codes each leading to another set of codes and ciphers, over and over again. What will happen next? Read the next reading log by me, Dennis Chen. 3 Examples of Foreshadowing 1. When I read the part where Dan Brown describes the crime scene, in my head I knew it was just like the Vitruvian ...

How to Cook an Egg With Alcohol

How to Cook an Egg With Alcohol Did you know you dont actually need heat in order to cook an egg? Cooking occurs when proteins are denatured, so any process that produces a chemical change in protein can cook food. Heres a simple science project that demonstrates you can cook an egg in alcohol. Materials raw eggalcohol (vodka, rubbing alcohol if its high percent alcohol, any other high-proof alcohol) If you use vodka or other ethanol, technically the egg will be edible, but it probably wont taste all that great. You cant eat the egg if you cook it using  denatured alcohol, rubbing alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or methanol. The egg cooks more quickly if the percentage of alcohol is as high as possible. Ideally, use 90% alcohol or higher. Procedure What could be easier? Pour alcohol into a glass or other small container.Crack the egg and place it in the alcohol.Wait for the egg to cook. Now, the egg would cook a lot more quickly if you boiled it the regular way because you have to wait for the alcohol to work its way into the egg. The reaction takes an hour or more to reach completion. The Science of What Happens The egg white consists mostly of the protein albumin. Within a few minutes of adding the egg to the alcohol, you should start to see the translucent egg white turn cloudy. The alcohol is causing a chemical reaction, denaturing, or changing the conformation of the protein molecules so they can form new linkages with each other. As the alcohol diffuses into the egg white, the reaction proceeds. The egg yolk contains some protein, but also a lot of fat, which will not be as affected by the alcohol. Within 1 to 3 hours (depending mainly on alcohol concentration) the egg white will be white and solid and the egg yolk will feel firm. You can ​also ​cook an egg in vinegar.

Negotiation and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation and Conflict - Essay Example 2. Circumstances based on the Power factor: Under the circumstance that one party has more power than the other; the negotiation often progresses in favour of the more powerful person. This is mostly applicable in the case of employer – employee, jailor – prisoner, competitors, commitments, experienced – fresher, etc. (Herb Cohen, 2004, Pg 40 – 70) 3. Circumstances based on the information factor: This is applicable when one of the negotiating party’s has more information than the other. This is mostly applicable in relationships between manufacturer and wholesaler. But it is widely applicable in the all new ‘buy – from – China’ trend. This is due to the fact that the manufacturer has a deep knowledge of the production process and the costing of the product and under most cases the marketer of the product has none. (Herb Cohen, 2004, Pg 76 – 89) 4. Telephonic negotiation: Negotiation on the telephone is a whole lot tougher then it seems. Of course, it is easy to speak and curse the other party involved in the negotiation but the other party can do the same and telephonic negotiation will not only give you a chance to speak more fluently then in person but it will give the other party involved the same benefits and under most cases the caller loses because by calling your client or supplier you’ve already proven that you (the calling party) need him more then he needs you. 5. Information of BATNA (Better alternative to the negotiating agreement) (Lewicki, Roy J, Barry, Bruce and Saunders, David M, 2007): In the case you are already prepared with the BATNA and the other party comes to know of it. You may just as well suppose that you’ve already lost your present negotiation agreement and you might have to accept an agreement that is even worse off then the BATNA itself. Yes. I definitely consider Distributive bargaining as a dominant form for any negotiation strategy. This is due to the basic and known fact

The Art of Frida Kahlo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Art of Frida Kahlo - Essay Example The essay "The Art of Frida Kahlo" examines Frida Kahlo and her art. Kahlo skillfully but unabashedly reveals herself topless in this painting, wrapped in a brace and adorned with pins in her flesh. Kahlo pays particular attention to the element of both her femininity and her physical pain in this piece. We see her bare breasts but more obvious is the fact that she is riddled with pins all over her body. As a woman, Kahlo experienced the gravity of love (the love of her life was Diego) but also the betrayal of that love. Her marriage to Rivera was turbulent as Rivera was unfaithful throughout their relationship. Kahlo herself dabbled in extramarital relationships as well as bisexuality. Kahlo expresses this side of her in one particular piece where she dresses as a man. She challenges the assigning of gender roles within society. Kahlo also lets her work tell a rich story detailing her inner most feelings and struggles. This is particularly apparent in the famous piece entitled The T wo Frida’s. Kahlo is able to materialize the inner struggle experienced by so many woman, making her an icon in feminist art. In another piece by Kahlo, Tree of Hope, Kahlo is illustrating herself in a colorful landscape back drop. At first glance, Kahlo appears to be something of a goddess or royalty. This piece perhaps irradiates some of her other work that may allude to self loathing or self perceived deficiencies. In much of Kahlo’s work, she used herself as a focal point making it a true and honest expression of herself.

Food Wastage Essay Example for Free

Food Wastage Essay 1. It is hard to produce food. a) Food takes time to grow and mature. Besides this, there are a lot of factors that contribute towards the production of food. i. Temperature and rainfall are critical elements determining when and how often crops can be sown. While some Asian countries are able to harvest three times in a single year, food production nearly halts during dry seasons in many tropical zones and during winter cold in temperate areas. (DeRose, Messer Millman, 1998) b) It cost a lot to maintain a good production of food. i. Investments in agricultural intensification, including higher-yield-potential seeds, fertilizers, water management and chemicals for pest control, are costly and make it unlikely that they will be easily or widely available for use by poorer farmers and countries. (DeRose, Messer Millman, 1998) c) We are starting to lack food production area to support civilizations. i. South Koreas Daewoo Logistics announced last month that it has signed a 99-year lease on 3. 2 million acres of land in Madagascar, which it will use to produce corn and palm oil for shipment home. (Goering, 2008) ii. The rush to buy or enter long-term leases on land has been fueled in part by the low levels of world grain stocks, despite record harvests this year, and by a growing sense that world markets cannot be trusted to supply adequate grain. (Goering, 2008) 2. People are wasting a lot of food. d) In different occasions, people waste food. i. A significant proportion of food waste is produced by the domestic household, which, in 2007, created 6,700,000 tonnes of food waste. Potatoes, bread slices and apples are respectively the most wasted foods by quantity, while salads are thrown away in the greatest proportion. e) Food products from restaurants and shops are seldom kept when they are not sold after the day. Those foods were thrown away. i. Grocery stores discard products because of spoilage or minor cosmetic blemishes. Restaurants throw away what they don’t use. (Martin, 2008) ii. Supermarkets particularly have been criticized for wasting items which are damaged or unsold (surplus food), but that often remain edible. (Yorkshire Lincolnshire,2005) f) According to statistic, people waste more food than they eat. i. Americans generate roughly 30 million tons of food waste each year, which is about 12 percent of the total waste stream. ( Trum, 1998) 3. Food wastage causes a lot of problems. g) It affects the environment by increasing waste, and pollutes the area. i. The rotting food that ends up in landfills produces methane, a major source of greenhouse gases. h) Wasting the food we have indirectly causes starvation to other people. It is because the amount of food we waste can actually feed upon many poor people. i. Each year, Americans discard more than 96 billion pounds of good food. If 5% was recovered, it could provide the equivalent of a days food for four million hungry people; 10%, eight million; and 25%, 20 million. (Trum, 1998) i) Wasting food also wasted our money. It costs us money to produce food and treat the food waste. i. 1 ton of rice requires a world average of 3419 m3 per ton of water. Imagine the amount of food we wasted. The amount of water wasted is even larger, and we are now low on clean potable water. Call to actions: 1. Registration of World Fund Program (WFP) to favor organizations in providing aids to people who are unable to produce enough food to support them. 2. Audiences should sign an indemnity letter on following the 5 steps towards reduce food waste: plan meal, make detail shopping list and stick to it, serve reasonable size portion food, save leftovers and eat those leftovers.

The World of Retail :: Consumerism Shopping Stores Essays

The World of Retail As a consumer, I have often wondered how stores keep everything neat, while other consumers always seem to dirty everything in the store. There are many attributes to a store that customers do not understand. It wasn't until I started working in the retailing community that I realized how much work is involved and the process by which everything is done. Charlotte Russe is a women's clothing store, located next to Victoria's Secret and across from American Outpost between district one and nine at the Great Lakes Crossing Mall, in Auburn Hills, Michigan. As you walk into the store you feel like it's a store for just for just teenagers, but when you look around there are casual clothes as well as suiting for older women. We carry sizes 0-13 in pants and S-L in shirts, so there is a very large selection of clothing in the store. Whether you're out for a night on the town, or just a quiet night at home in your pajamas, we carry everything from boots right down to your underwear. The store is fairly large- bigger than most of the other stores in the mall. When you first walk in you see boots on display on a table. You walk in front of the store and you see mannequins under bright lights wearing the latest fashions. The store is very well lit and not very many shadows are cast- there are lights all over the ceiling. Behind the boots are the racks of clothing that are constantly being straightened. To the left and right of the middle of the store are aisle-ways that lead back to the "cash wrap" and the back of the store where the fitting rooms are. The sides of the store are walls filled with clothing. Along the walls there are mirrors placed between certain types of clothing (for example, there is a mirror between the club clothing and holiday ware). Located in the very center of the store is where the "cash wrap" is located. The cash wrap consists of five registers that are inlayed in the countertops so people can look down and see what is being wrung up. Rig ht next to the register is a Sensormatic machine that takes the theft tags off of the clothing. Under the register is a drawer that is filled with bags. Behind the register is a closet where we put the clothing that people want to put on hold.

Controls at bellagio Essay

Focus on three key roles at mainly three levels of authority in the casino. How would you characterize the â€Å"control strategy† (e.g., tight vs. loose) used over each of these roles? A. Blackjack dealers (tight controls) Dealers are highly visible which does not allow for fraudulent activity. This in itself is a tight control but other tight controls in place include: table assignments, closed circuit television (CCT) observation, 2 dealers at the table, and other employees on the floor keeping watch. Standardization is also part of the tight controls for blackjack dealers. They must wear uniforms and perform certain duties, such as accepting tips and doing cash and chip exchanges, exactly as procedure states. All dealers must be licensed and the Bellagio does background checks before hiring. Financial and accounting analyses ensure there are no statistical anomalies associated with any one dealer or shift. CCT is one of the best controls the Bellagio has. Employees do not always follow controls put in place but when they know they are being watched they have no other option and the temptation to steal lessens. CCT cameras can zoom in on the tables close enough to monitor all cards being played and bets being made. (Mills & Yamamura, 1996) B. Pit bosses (tight controls) Pit boss controls aren’t as tight as dealers but they are always on the floor watching dealers and handling customers so they are still visible. Part of their job is to promote and market the casino on the floor. Some of the tight controls for bosses are the same as dealers and include: CCT observation, licensure, background checks, thorough documentation whenever they interact with finances such as customer perks or chip counts, and bonuses based on profitability. Documentation is not only important for comparison and accountability; it is an audit trail to ensure nothing fraudulent is occurring. â€Å"The objective behind documentation testing is to prove that cash coming in or cash going out does not result in a currency transaction reporting violation.† (Mills & Yamamura, 1996, p. 54) C. Vice president of table games (loose controls) The Vice President of table games (VPTG) oversees the operations of the games. They assure the organization mission, products, and services are presented in a positive image and are consistent with casino business strategies. VPTG have little to do with the actual physical chips and cash therefore require little supervision. Complimentary service (comps) abuse may become a problem; VPTGs â€Å"taking care† of their friends. (Rudloff, 1999) This will be an issue for auditors to monitor very closely. VPTG must also be licensed and have background checks run. Their bonuses are based on profitability as well. There are action controls, personnel controls, and results controls. Action controls include observation and documentation. Personnel controls include training, licensing, background checks. Result controls include documentation and financial and accounting analyses. All of these controls play a part in protecting the casino from theft, fraud, and skimming. Are the managers interviewed for the case justified in being proud of their company’s control system? Why or why not? The managers should be proud of the control system in place because it meets the goals of the company and it is working. As long as they keep evaluating the controls and evolve when necessary the system should continue to work. Bellagio Casino Resort’s control systems for firms in other industries Much of this system is already being used in many industries where there are high value inventories. Such industries include banking, jewelry, pharmaceuticals, and many precious metal industries. Any industry plagued by theft and fraud could benefit from aspects of the casino control system. As more things become regulated and the accounting world converges towards international standards tighter controls will need to be in place. References Merchant, K. & Van der Stede, W. (3rd Ed.). (2007). Management control systems: performance measurement, evaluation and incentives. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Mills, J.R., & Yamamura, J.H. (1996). Casinos and controls. Internal Auditor, 5(3):54-58. Retrieved October 18, 2013 from ebscohost.com. Rudloff, R.W., (1999). Casino fraud. Internal Auditor, 56(3): 44-49. Retrieved October 18, 2013 from ebscohost.com. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Analysis of Arthur Miller’s Presentation of Abigail Essay

Arthur Miller wrote the play â€Å"The Crucible† in 1953 which was in the middle of the McCarthy political ‘witch-hunt’ in America. However the story had appealed to the playwright for many years, therefore ‘The Crucible’ can be described as a political parable as it was inspired by the decade of McCarthyism. Miller wrote the play set in an area of Massachusetts called Salem in 1692 where some adolescent girls were dabbling with supernatural powers and witchcraft. They were eventually jailed and the jails were filled with men and women accused of witchcraft. Ultimately twenty people ended up hung. The inhabitants of Salem were rigid in their interpretation of the Bible, believing in witches and the Devil. They believed also that the Bible instructed them that witches must be hanged. This relates to the McCarthy trails that were happening in the USA during the 1950s as the trails were about the admission of adherence to communism, consequently witnesses were brought before the committee to name names. This naming approach was very similar to the process of witch trials; Miller then began to relate this to the public confessions as parallel with the naming of names at Salem in 1692. Subsequently Arthur Miller wrote a play in relation to this and uses Abigail to convey similar ideas to the McCarthy Trials in the 1950s. In the McCarthy trails the only way to clear your name was to name members of the extremist party, but even still a person’s reputation would be extremely tarnished. Therefore I will be looking at the presentation of Abigail and how it conveys this idea, in relation to the McCarthy Trials. During the beginning of Act One we discover Abigail is a girl who can’t be trusted and people don’t believe her. Paris refers to her as a ‘child’ so she is assumed as being young and questioned over how she can make up so many lies. From being referred to as a ‘child’ the audience makes an assumption that Abigail acts younger than her age and there is immense significance of this quote as she is referred to as a ‘child’ more than once and by different characters. Abigail has endless capacity for dissembling so she is a brilliant liar and doesn’t know when to stop. Her lies in this particular scene appear not to be very convincing as she is worried and anxious; hence she is lying for a way out. From this Abigail could be presented to be small and weak as she is forced to sit in a chair while Parris towers over her and doesn’t take any action of rejection. Parris is threatening Abigail to tell the truth as she is a compulsive liar; consequently it is extremely hard to get her to tell the truth. Our impression of Abigail develops later on in Act One as she loses her innocence since she becomes no longer believable to the audience, her lies are over looked by them as they realise she is withholding the truth. When Proctor enters Abigail starts to become nervous which is highlighted from her reaction whilst she is alone with him and he says ‘Ah, your wicked yet, aren’t y’! ‘ Abigail reacts with a nervous ‘laughter’ and becomes frightened of Proctor. Consequently Proctor acts powerful and continues to act powerful and dominant towards Abigail by forcefully saying ‘child’ to Abigail to give recognition of her still being a child, this is the second time that Abigail has been called a ‘child’ by different characters highlighting the importance. While Abigail does react angrily and infuriately to appear powerful and gain control over Proctor, her reactions are childish, she moans when she doesn’t get her own way, so she acts like a little ‘child’ which is why she is being called a ‘child’. This part of the play is foreshadowing events to come, we know that she is going to eventually turn wicked and evil so her innocence is lost as we realise that she will later turn wicked as the wickedness can be used as a way out. When Abigail is alone with the girls she takes control of them and becomes the leader of the group and the girls begin to look to her for an answer so they look up to her. They follow her lead so she has the power of the group. She gains this power of the girls by saying ‘I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. ‘ Abigail threatens the other girls so they are so frightened of her that they follow her lead, this becomes clear nearing the end of Act Three. The word ‘shudder’ is onomatopoeia and this adds dramatic affect and gives you a real sense of the word and makes it come to life and sound real. It is this word order which Miller uses that makes you really think that this is going to happen if the other girls do not obey her. The adjectives used during this statement from Abigail are ‘black’ then ‘terrible’ and ‘pointy’ these are all threatening adjectives and are the type of words that you would visualize when a murder was taking place so this intensifies their anxiety. During this scene the audience discover just how devious and manipulative she can be, in this instance she shows this by being threatening and dangerous to the other girls. Danger changes sides towards the end of Act One during Abigail’s questioning as she starts to become frantic. She begins rushing out excuses as quickly as possible to conceal her lies, as she comes dangerous close to being exposed. Abigail is scared of the fact that if people don’t believe her, then she will be caught in the act of lying, she is anxious about this. Furthermore Hale says ‘perhaps some bird invisible to others comes to you’ thus implying an insight to the deviousness of Abigail. This provides inspiration later for Act Four; therefore implying Abigail is not innocent and is an untrustworthy character with a deeper meaning, perhaps Abigail is lying. Abigail proceeds out of this situation by catching on to the circumstances there are in hand and uses them as weapons to propose the excuse of making herself look like the victim in this entirety. Consequently people can’t accuse her, which because of her selfish behaviour leads her on to accusing Tituba by saying ‘She makes me drink blood! ‘ This describes Abigail’s destructive nature and the deviousness of Abigail’s thinking put into practice. From this I can call Abigail opportunistic as she has seen a way out; she has explored it and taken it. While this is selfish behaviour, it is certainly a very clever move by Abigail to relieve some of the pressure from her and give her a chance to think about what she is going to say next. The audiences’ response from this action taken by Abigail is that it is ludicrous that she can accuse somebody and say a few words and make the court believe her. This links in with the McCarthy trials because all the court was interested in was names and they were so desperate for a name that once one was named with a motive they seized it.

France and United States Health Care Policy Comparison The WritePass Journal

France and United States Health Care Policy Comparison Abstract France and United States Health Care Policy Comparison ). The essence of this view associates an increase in industrialization with the coinciding resemblance to other already industrialized nations. This suggests that these forms of nations learn from and adapt other countries policies in order to enhance their own development. Alternately, the path dependency theory denotes a ‘history matters’ approach, that states future social decision and influences are constrained and based on past practices (Baldock et al, 2012). Prior decisions have a limiting impact on future actions, this method of development often is relegated to the already present institutions that society embraces. This definition of alternative development models indicates a defined social impact to any form of policy institution, not the least of which becomes health care and general population well-being. Both the United States and France will be assessed for their health care policy approach, seeking to Understand whether the convergence or dependency models is more influential. 2.1.1 Health Care Policy France There has long been a public policy approach in France (Hantrais, 2010). There is a commonly held belief a nationally subsidized health care system provides a methodfd keeping the population healthy (Hantrais, 2010). With a consistent pattern of leadership in the industry, providing a consistent and strong health care France has illustrated a convergence/functionalist approach to the health care issue, often citing their system as a model for other nations (Marmot et al, 2012). In many ways this evidence speaks to the fact that a healthy population enables increased access and opportunity to social benefits by reducing health care costs and increasing spending in other areas. France as a European nation is marked by a larger than average ratio of health spending yet remains much less than their counter parts in the West spend on health care(Marmot et al, 2012). Alongside this popular national support rests that the fact that the population is largely healthy with a average life span two years more than the rest of the word (Marmot et al, 2012). . The French is to manage cost by implementing a system of premium health care levels that are directly associated with a person’s income (Rodwin, 2003). This is a targeted policy that seeks to make insurance as affordable as possible in order to ensure that that each person has access. Further, this limits opportunities for the insurance industry to adjust rates unfairly or at a disadvantage to certain conditions or participants (Rodwin, 2003). This element of control takes away much of the ability for companies to overly profit from the insurance market. With the French system taking on the burden of the majority of medical expenses through a system of reimbursement, the average citizen’s ability to sustain health insurance is higher (Rodwin, 2003). This protection is enhanced and extended to the people who need healthcare the most, making the issue of major illness much more manageable on the economic and social front. Due to the quality of universal healthcare in France, there are very low levels of private insurance, a further indication of the capacity for this system to not only manage cost but provide efficient and dependable care (Marmot et al, 2012). With a public system in place,the need for private insurance in significantly reduced, further ensuring less expense for the average citizen. France possesses a well-developed system of independent and public hospitals (Rodwin, 2003). This wide ranging access to care has been credited with further enhancing the overall rate of health and effectiveness in the nation. Yet, the diverse manner of health care oversight has been cited as an issue (Marmot et al, 2012). With nearly fifty different regulatory agencies to contend with, each faculty has to negotiate an ever-changing environment, which provides a serious challenge to many institutions. A further problem is the rising influence of the pharmaceutical industry, intent on generating profit rather than being concerned with benefiting the people of France (Clarke and Bidgood, 2013). With prescription charges payable, there is anarea of concern Regarding affordability of medicine. In summary Universal health care in France is a nationally subsidized system that reimburses out of pocket patient expenses, based on that person’s rate of income. With a convergent form of policy that seeks to make the French system a global model, the high quality of care denotes a degree of success. However, the high rate of regulation serves to diminish many of the positive elements of the policy. The French system has offered other nations a model of healthcare promising to reduce sickness, thereby decreasing underlying societal cost. In France, there is evidence that health policy supports citizens during times of sickness or injury. 2.1.2 Health Care Policy United States The healthcare system in the United States has long been an area of contention within the nation, commonly resulting in politically partisan fighting that diminishes the ability for any system to function (Hoffman, 2008). With the ascension of a liberal regime in the United States, the recent past has witnessed a shift away from the individual, less regulated, insurance market to a form of universal health care with far more federal regulation. The private market controls the health care insurance market, making the need for supplementary services high in order to meet every expectation (Hoffman, 2008). With the rising cost of health care and a general lack of productive policy, the shift away from the strictly private system has been a rough evolution for many in the United States. With a standing of 50th in the world foro effective health care policy as rated by the OECD there seems to be a suggestion thathe US system has begun to change to match other models, actively incorporatin g the convergent theory and seeking to emulate the positive health trends Found elsewhere. (Palmer, 2014), There are multiple levels of regulatory oversight in the US system of health care (Gulliford and Morgan, 2010). This is a reflection of the national and state level authorities that commonly find themselves at odds with one another. With this abundance of regulation there is substantial paperwork (Hoffman, 2008). Evidence suggests that there is a potential for politics to play a role in the policy making efforts of healthcare. This opportunity for gain at the expense of the national system is often attributed to the wellbeing of the very people that need it most, the lower earners and single mothers. US federal oversight is conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services, which ensures that the appropriate compliance guidelines are followed by states (Gulliford et al, 2010). This section of governement oversees procedures from county/state level to the national level. In this manner the integration of State and Federal concerns can serve to aid in the implementation of healt h care policy throughout the nation. Yet, it also seems to be the case that there is a potential for conflict among policy makers, leading to a poorer service Medical professionals in the US are licensed under the American Medical Association, with an aim of ensuring a high quality of care and adherence to ethical guidelines (Kominski, 2011). . It has been suggested that the US private system is commonly influenced by the presence of rich or well to do patients or donors (Palmer, 2014). This perception seems justified, as the best performing doctors are often unavailable to the average US citizen, thereby creating an unintentional division of care which is reflected in the life expectancy numbers. Yet, this is a demonstration of the convergent theory at work in the functionalist US society, as the recognition of expanded need becomes apparent; public policy was created to address the issue. In summary The health care policies found in the United States have been shown to be rated as moderate by the international community. Before the shift to the universal care subsidized by the nation, the gap between rich and poor in terms of healthcare had widened. Many people lacked health insurance. In order to address this, recent liberal policies found in the US were formulated but have been much debated. It can be suggested that new policies have succeeded in lowering the rate of people without healthcare insurance, thereby beginning the effort of increasing the health of the population in general. Yet, the regulatory environment found in the healthcare system in the US is often counter-productive. Further, this every area of contention has led to a gap of states that have accepted the new universal care and those that have not, decreasing the impact that they policies have on a considerable number of citizens. 2.3 Comparison The health care policies found in France in the United States share many similarities as well as considerable differences. For example, the French tradition of seeking social remedies to health issues is sharply differed from the American approach of ‘goes it alone’ fundamentalism (Flynn, 2010). In many cases the expectation that everyone must take care of themselves has led the US health care system to sharply different levels of care in regions, largely based on the underlying income factors of the residents. Conversely, France has long sought to provide a balanced method that seeks to present a useable model to the rest of the world (Fisher et al, 2010). This is best illustrated by the life expectancy rates found in the US of 78.4 and 81.3 in France (Fisher et al, 2010). With numbers supporting the success factors in France over the prior efforts in the US, the American shift to the more universal system is considered a convergence with modern examples such as France leading the way. A factor that both systems share is the high quality of physicians and practitioners that are involved in health care (Palmer, 2014). While the French system is primarily publicly owned and supported, the US policy dictated that many of their institutions are privately owned and operated, presenting further considerations during the transition to universal health care in this nation. This same issue presents itself as a difference between the social policies as the French doctors are paid substantially less than their American counterparts (Palmer, 2014). Yet, the French approach to this issue was to make subsequent education and associated services free to those in the medical profession, thereby reducing the need for the extravagant wages that many experience in the West (Guilliford et al, 2010). This same measure of policy support is yet absent in the American system, which makes a considerable difference as to where and how a student can learn and practice. This literature sugges ts that there is a need to make expenses of the medical learning process reduced in order to present a method of paying fair wage thereby allowing the entirety of the population to receive the same quality of care, regardless of financial position or social standing. The spending levels for medical needs in the United States far outweigh those experienced in French system, demonstrating effective policy (Palmer, 2014). In part due to the rapidly rising cost of health care, the American system was forced to shift to a universal policy in order to slow the impact that this substantial cost on the overall economic outlook for the nation. With both nations providing a social policy of immediate emergency care, there was a widespread perception in the US that this would alleviate much of the lower class medical issues, yet, conversely, this phenomena of utilizing emergency care for routine care served to drastically increase the need for funding from the national level, thereby prompting new policy modelled on systems including the UK and Canada (Palmer, 2014). This is in contrast to the French model, which involves more spending per citizen, but has shown positive performance in response to spending levels. The United States policy of health care has a compulsory insurance mandate this is designed to ensure that each citizen has insurance (Palmer, 2014). Conversely, the French system utilizes a series of reimbursements based on wages in order to supply the same medical services. In some ways, the perception of the US system has been cited as a form of increased taxation on the healthy, with these views stating that they are supporting the poor of the nation. Despite the strength of health care available in the United States, until recently there was a marked increase in the value, with many of the citizens putting off routine care in favour of waiting for emergency, which in turn inflated health costs of every level (Palmer, 2014). However, France overcame this issue by establishing oversight panels that ensure that fair access is assured and that the population has access to the same general level of care. A common component of both nations health care policy is the multiple layers of bureaucrats and agencies that dictate policy (Flynn, 2010). Both nations cite the need to reduce the layers of oversight in order to streamline the process, which would in theory reduce administration costs and aid the both nation and industry. In a very real manner, this evidence suggests that the long term capacity to develop a working system will be found by taking the best of the existing structures and using these as a foundation for growth. 3. Conclusion This essay has examined the social policies of France and the United States in the field of health care in order to evaluate and compare their offerings. The evidence presented illustrates a position of French strength through communal action. With proven records supporting the reduction in health issues, rise in life expectancy and overall positive implementation there is a model for progress. Alternately, the private system once favored in the United States has evolved to a more UK or Canadian style system that requires consumer participation. This recognition and development on the part of the American nation is deemed an example of the convergence/functionalist theory with the country seeking to alleviate many of the social health issues by implementing a system similar to other nations. An area of weakness demonstrated in both societies that have the potential to raise issues in the future is the presence of an over regulated system. With so many different agencies responsible f or the oversight and regulation of the same industry, there is a need to coordinate and simplify the process in order to aid both the consumer and the provider. Further, this area is prone to political partisanship or bias, which in turn has a direct impact on the quality of care and policy that develops. In the end, the social policy of health care has been deemed of critical import for both France and the United States. Yet, just as the nations are culturally unique yet share traits, so too will the health care issue, with both nations seeking to address the same issue though slightly differing means. Only time will judge which has been the better approach. 4. References Baldock, J., 2013.  Social policy. 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Polity. Dutton, P., 2007.  Differential diagnoses. 1st ed. Ithaca: ILR Press/Cornell University Press. Feldstein, P., 2012.  Health care economics. 1st ed. New York: Wiley. Fisher, K. and Collins, J., 2010.  Homelessness, health care, and welfare provision. 1st ed. London: Routledge. Flynn, N., 2010 Social Policy, fiscal problems economic performance in France, United Kingdom Germany. London, 1(1). pp. 65-100. Gulliford, M. and Morgan, M., 2010.  Expanding access to health care. 1st ed. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Hantrais, L., 2010. French social policy in the European context.  Modern \ Contemporary France, 3(4), pp.381390. Hoffman, B., 2008. Health care reform and social movements in the United States.  American journal of public health, 98. Kominski, G., 2011.  Changing the U.S. health care system. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R. and Goldblatt, P., 2012. Building of the global movement for health equity: from Santiago to Rio and beyond.  The Lancet, 379(9811), pp.181188. others, 2012. Health, United States, 2011: with special feature on socioeconomic status and health.  National Center for Health Statistics (US). Palmer, K., 2014.  A Brief History: Universal Health Care Efforts in the US | Physicians for a National Health Program. [online] Pnhp.org. Available at: pnhp.org/facts/a-brief-history-universal-health-care-efforts-in-the-us [Accessed 19 Apr. 2014]. Rodwin, V., 2003. The health care system under French national health insurance: lessons for health reform in the United States.  American Journal of Public Health, 93(1), pp.3137. Sauret, J., 1997. Information systems in healthcare Situation in France.  Health Cards 97, 49, p.27.

This Memorial Day, Remember an Abundance Mentality

This Memorial Day, Remember an Abundance Mentality This Memorial Day Sunday, as I sat on a bench overlooking the Hudson River in Tarrytown, NY, I pondered the concept of abundance. Where do I have an â€Å"abundance mentality† and where do I live with a scarcity mindset? â€Å"What about this river, I mused. Rivers are a symbol of abundance. Do rivers have an abundance mentality? What about droughts? If I were a river I would not feel very abundant in a drought.† â€Å"Brenda,† I told myself, â€Å"Stop trying to give a river a brain. Rivers don’t know from abundance and scarcity. They just are. It’s people who feel scarcity during droughts.† Well, that line of thinking didn’t get me too far. Even after attending a yoga class nearby, where the teacher threw out the idea that we should imitate nature and just be, I wasn’t sure what to make of my river question. But what I do know is that for humans, having an â€Å"abundance mentality† is one of the keys to happiness. When we remember that there is enough – more than enough – to sustain us, we can not just survive, but thrive. Experiencing the Abundance Mentality There are some areas where I’ve mastered the abundance mentality. In my travels, for instance, when plans fall through (as they often do, and did on this trip), I am open to what other plans will arise. All I have to do is pick up the phone and I can find a friend to hang out with or a new place to stay if I need it. I am never worried about being stranded or running out of possibilities. In other areas, I have yet to vanquish the scarcity mentality. Last year, when a corporate client abruptly reduced the volume of business they were sending to The Essay Expert, I was scared and discouraged. Without that business, I did not have a solid client base. Initially, I did not know what to do to turn things around. It took me a year to build my business back up to where it was before. And lo and behold, it turns out there was abundance after all – I just had to strive for it. I’ve also faced my own scarcity mentality with my writing team. Now that business is booming, I have been known to worry that I won’t have enough high-quality writers to cover the projects coming in. At first, I was limited in my ideas about how to find writers. But I asked other writers and coaches for ideas, and they shook up my scarcity thinking. I took their advice and reached out aggressively to executive resume writers through multiple channels- including some I had never thought of before. Surprise! Some amazingly talented writers inevitably arose. Whatever convictions I have about what’s impossible are simply not true. An Abundance â€Å"Mentality† is Not Enough Here’s the thing. Just believing that abundance exists is not enough. You need to take action. When my corporate client dropped off, I felt sorry for myself for a little while, but ultimately I upped my game and got my name out to the world on a bigger scale. When I needed new writers, at first I did the same things I had done in the past, but those actions did not produce results. So I did something different. This principle applies to bigger issues too. This is Memorial Day, and some of us are thinking of people we have lost. While the pain of loss is real and will never go away, when we can appreciate the people who are in our lives now, and know there is enough love and connection for us in the world, we can continue with our lives and allow ourselves to feel joy amidst the pain. With an abundance mentality, we see possibilities and can embrace challenge and change. In scarcity, we experience lack and hopelessness. I know this from experience. Where do you fall on the abundance vs. scarcity mindset spectrum? What is your mentality around money? Love? Jobs? Clients? On this Memorial Day, can you remember that good things are out there for you- and go after them? I encourage you to take one action today to create what you thought was not possible in your life. And let me know what happens. *********** Ready to create abundance with your job search, college applications or business? The Essay Expert offers writing help in all of these areas. Contact us!

The Schoen Ultimatum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Schoen Ultimatum - Essay Example Visibly, there is a lack of coordination which is profoundly desired for smooth system running and increased firm output. (Shin, 2003, p. 126). Centralized function required out of Ms. Schoen by CEO of HR management seems to transform into a potential pitfall and this transformation can be suppressed by providing strong central leadership through engaging themes, motivations, and suggestions which would inspire the employees to join in the head manager’s thinking, as suggested by (Hussey, 1990, p. 225). As for the front-line leadership development program which only an embarrassing number of business managers attended in the case, Ms. Schoen is seen requesting the CEO to either accept her resignation or strictly instruct the supervisors to act upon her orders instead of meeting head-on with them. The need to communicate is critically important as is justifying plans or orders to the subordinates in an efficacious central authoritative style. According to (Brophy, 2010, p. 42), communication can lead to increased persuasion and can help a leader in developing his/her vision and expressing his/her desires. Effective head-on meetings arranged with business managers individually and strengthening the central leadership by providing the supervisors with persuasive explanations can prove to be vitally important solutions that Ms. Schoen might explore in an attempt to combat with high level of defiance and insubordination shown by the business managers. According to (Apqc, 2005, p. 59), â€Å"soliciting feedback and providing constant communication are important tools that help foster trust between HR and the business units.† Constructive criticism should be practiced by Ms.... Considering the nature of problems faced by Ms. Schoen in the case presently analyzed, I would highly recommend tackling all the troublesome setbacks with negotiation and head-on meetings so that practical efforts could be made to take all the business managers in confidence. The actual problem is that the head HR manager in the case is seen excessively relying on issuing notifications and essentially requiring all the supervisors to attend the leadership development program without arranging head-on meetings with the chief supervisors beforehand so that the vision of the leader could be related in an explanatory and persuasive manner. According to, the survival of any type of business depends hugely on how effectively the leaders are able to share their knowledge and express their visions to their subordinates. Combining the potential of the supervisors and employees and the quality of the experience-based knowledge shared by the leaders throughout the organization is an effective s trategy to handle the destructive scenarios cropping up in any business. Willingness to share knowledge and communicate personally should be the vital features of a leader’s personality while not getting infuriated and suppressed by the antagonizing behavior displayed by the employees helps in tacking the problematic issues in such a way that misconceptions can be highlighted and proposals can be made, thus every person can be engaged in the process.

Hiring issue in Law firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hiring issue in Law firm - Essay Example nterviewee, Blumentrath described the importance of maintaining a well-groomed appearance and carrying an outstanding, up-to-date resume in order to gain positive attention from the organizational recruiter. One key aspect that the presenter believed was important was for the interviewee to proactively identify potential questions that might be presented during the interview. This is to ensure that there are quality communications between the recruiter and the candidate so that the interviewee is able to show interest and dedication toward understanding the principles of the law firm. From the interviewer’s perspective, these elements help set the candidate apart from the rest by showing their enthusiasm and loyalty toward the business where they wish to be employed. Critically speaking, these are many commonly-understood principles associated with recruitment and the interview process that only served as an elementary reiteration of important concepts to gain competitive edge against other candidates. Blumentrath was much more candid when it came to presenting the importance of appearance and dress in this industry. For example, women were informed to ensure that they did not have too much of their cleavage showing from a choice of low-cut dress. What she referred to as the dip test consisted of a self-test involving the ability to touch the collarbone with the tip of the thumb while laying the hand on the chest to make a certain shape. If the test passes, then the dress is considered appropriate for this environment. She also used humorous statements about keeping an extra pair of pantyhose at the desk and a less revealing cardigan in the drawer when dealing with more conservative clients. This dress discussion reinforced the importance of image in this industry and how to take action to ensure that there is always a strategy for working with diverse clients. This was an excellent eye-opener regarding how appearance will be considered by others, such as

Clippermac Ltd Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Clippermac Ltd Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example This study was initiated to carry out a marketing analysis of Clippermac Ltd. Using certain analytical models such as Porters, generic strategy and competitive advantage, the company was diagnosed. There after the report examined the methods of market segmentation open to the management. Two methods were presented through which the divisions could be segmented. I suggested segmenting the market into geographical, demographical and time segment. This is because through these methods, the company is better placed to meet up with its objectives. The paper calls for, a value adding and marketing strategy for increasing yields to the company for the benefits of the entire European Community. It will take approximately five years for projected sales to reach about 1billion pounds per annum. The company expects to target not only high yielding niche market but low income household as well with the introduction of the new products. Key success factors within the market will be Today's business environment is increasingly becoming more turbulent, chaotic and challenging than ever before and to survive, it is vital that a firm can do something better than its competitors ( Wonglimpiyarat 2004:1). ... Clippermac Ltd brand of innovative quality furniture and promotional gifts. Individualised customer services - tailor made custom design providing customers with what they want, when and how they want it. One of the market leading full service fashion distribution company in the UK. 1.0 Introduction Today's business environment is increasingly becoming more turbulent, chaotic and challenging than ever before and to survive, it is vital that a firm can do something better than its competitors ( Wonglimpiyarat 2004:1). Globalisation has not only altered the nature and the intensity of competition but has had to dictate and shape organisations in terms of what consumers wants, how and when they want it and what they are prepared to pay for it (Hagan 1996:1). Kanter (1995:71) on his work on "Mastering Change" argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. This is so because success is based on an organisation's ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). Within the context of today's global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). These researchers went further to argue that, this strategy has become quite common in many businesses including the retail clothing chain stores. The conventional vertical integrated company based business model is gradually being replaced by collaborative relationship between many

Benefits of the Eclectic Paradigm

Benefits of the Eclectic Paradigm The usefulness of the eclectic paradigm as a framework for combining and relating alternative theories of international business, and in coping with changes over time in the practice of international business Introduction The eclectic paradigm, namely the OLI paradigm was put together by the economist John Henry Dunning (1927-2009) in the late 1970’s. Dunning’s early research focused on American owned affiliates in the UK and their higher productivity compared to their local competitors. He wondered how and why these firms were able to compete locally with indigenous UK firms and started to raise questions about the advantages of multinational firms as an outcome of their activities abroad. He identified certain firm specific advantages and also advantages derived from the country of origin (Dunning, 2001). These are first two components of the later assembled paradigm, the O which refers to Ownership advantages and the L which refers to locational advantages. These early works and the early identification of the O and L and their mutual interaction are initially reflected in the book American Investment in British Manufacturing Industry (Dunning, 1958). This stream of research continued through the 1960’s when Dunning was working on American firms in Europe. Later during the 1970s, influenced by Buckley and Casson, Dunning started to address transaction cost explanations in an internationalization perspective (the I component of the paradigm) in addition to the previously identified O and L advantages. He was concerned about why firms decided to generate and exploit their specific advantages internally rather than through the open market forces. This broadened his perspective and articulated more clearly the early view he had on the O and L components. And by the time he was putting together the rest of the paradigm at the end of the 1970 ´s, he looked back to the 50 ´s and 60’s and the theories of Vernon, Hymer and others and interpreted them from within this framework and elaborated on how their ideas were expressed from the eclectic paradigm. Intellectually, he brought everything together, not just contemporary but also past theories, bringing all these explanations together in some sort of rubric that allows to connect the m. Since then, the eclectic paradigm’s simplicity and yet its thoroughness smoothly integrates international business theories and allows researchers from different fields and disciplines to systematically explain the growth of multinational activity (Cantwell and Narula, 2001). The Eclectic Paradigm Revisited The eclectic paradigm itself is not an explanation of the MNC rather it helps explain the level, determinants and patterns of the foreign value added activities (international production) of firms, and or countries. The paradigm offers a framework from which an explanation can be obtained. It is not itself a predicting theory but it is a way of connecting different theories which can be then used to help understand different types of foreign production according to their specific contexts and motivations (Dunning, 2001). The Eclectic Paradigm and its OLI components have gone through different revisions and are defined as follows: O: Ownership advantages. These are firm net competitive advantages that companies from one country possess over those firms from other countries when servicing a specific market. L: Location advantages. The degree to which companies decide to locate abroad value added activities. These value added activities can be the result of internalizing. I: Internalization. The degree to which companies add value to their output by identifying as more profitable to internalize the generation and exploitation of their ownership advantages rather than through the open market. (Dunning, 2000, 2001; Ietto-Gillies, 2012) An interesting aspect of the OLI elements is that they are not independent from each other but that they interact. For example, the value added activities generated by locational advantages feed back to the O advantages. That is why an often misunderstood and controversial element is the O, because of the fact that it is called ownership, scholars like Rugman relate it only to firm specific advantages. However, the O also refers to advantages that come from the institutions of the country of origin (home country). In other words, what Dunning (2001) initially meant by (O) Ownership referred to the nationality of ownership as opposed to the ownership of assets by a firm. It was later on that Dunning acknowledged and expanded the Ownership advantages to include firm specific and other types of advantages such as the ones resulting from engaging in foreign production. Another reason why this is so important is because it does not necessarily imply that the MNE has to be legally defined by the ownership of assets, but if instead there is an international business network that is not entirely owned, it could still be consistent with the notion of capabilities generated within such a network associated with firms of a certain nationality of origin. On the other hand the L element has to do with host country advantages and it is just not necessary to compare the host with the home but different host countries with one another in determining where the firm goes to produce. OLI: Combining and relating IB theories The eclectic paradigm comes from other international business theories which are themselves influenced by economic and organizational theories. The paradigm draws from theories of the individual firm such transaction cost economics (internalization) and market power theories and their relationship with markets and integrates them with macroeconomic approaches to foreign production such as the product lifecycle theory (Cantwell and Narula, 2001). This encompassing aspect of the paradigm has brought many criticisms, one of the most popular ones calls it a â€Å"shopping list of variables†. Dunning (2001) responded to this criticism by clarifying that each variable of the paradigm is constructed based on well-known and accepted economic and organizational theories. In addition, he clarifies that the objective of the paradigm was not to explain all kinds of international production but to offer a framework that helps organize a methodology that can lead to a better explanation of different kinds of foreign production. Vernon’s product lifecycle theory is the most inherently dynamic or evolutionary in character of all the theoretical approaches of the paradigm. Hymer’s market power and Buckley and Casson internalization theories were limited to the period in which they were writing about them, during which an evolutionary perspective of the MNE was not yet explored. On the other hand the product life cycle theory was contemporaneous to the conditions of the 1960 ´s and therefore Dunning included this evolutionary character in the paradigm. This became an important part of the paradigm in the sense that it gave it an evolutionary and dynamic perspective on how firms grow over time, which is an integral part of the way the eclectic paradigm should be interpreted and used (Dunning, 2001). In addition, from an evolutionary approach, the Eclectic Paradigm’s internalization advantages are attributable to the conditions of improved organizational learning and technology creation, rather than to the conditions for a more efficient cost-minimizing organization of an established set of transactions. This opens up the possibilities of alliances in order to increase ownership advantages through cooperation. This takes the paradigm beyond a basic transactions costs perspective and expands the types of ownership advantages, from advantages in line with Bain -which assumes advantages to exist be prior to going abroad- to cooperative and interdependent generated ones (Tolentino, 2001). The Future of the Eclectic Paradigm in IB The eclectic paradigm has not only faced criticisms but also faces the challenges of an increasingly changing international business environment due to globalization and technological advances. In the last decades MNC activity has increased both in extent, intensity and form. There is also increased global interconnectedness and interdependence which makes inter firm alliances more common and necessary (Cantwell and Narula, 2001). RD is more complex and costly also increasing the way it is undertaken. Asset exploiting FDI is still present but asset augmenting and knowledge seeking FDI are increasingly important. All of this has created new ways of performing cross border activities and different strategies that MNCs use to pursue them. Additionally, the field of IB has also evolved. It has moved from a market driven view to a more knowledge driven one. Moreover, the level of analysis has changed as well. In the 1990’s there was a shift from the macro level approach in which countries were the unit of analysis to a more micro approach with the firm as the unit of analysis. Lately the field is going even more micro by also paying increasing attention to behavioral (individual) considerations and therefore allowing it to use the individual as the unit of analysis. Actually nowadays, the direction of the field International Business studies is becoming more multilevel in character, allowing for different levels of analysis including the countries, firms and individuals. The field has also become more interdisciplinary by drawing from other disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, biology, geography and history. Therefore taking in to account all these changes the following question arises: Is the eclectic paradigm going to hold with the external changes related to globalization, technological change and the new directions in the field of international business? I believe it will. So far the paradigm has held for the last two decades (since the 1980’s) and it seems to be getting stronger as a guiding framework in international business studies. All its components are articulated in a way that allow all the aforementioned changes. For example the Ownership component has always been relational in character and has included different interactions and levels of analysis (Ietto-Gillies, 2012). Therefore this does not present a threat to the paradigm but it actually increases its relevance because it allows for multilevel analysis by combining the different units and elements of analysis and allowing them to interact. And even though there are not many discussions of the eclectic paradigm today, the paradigm is increasingly relevant now in relation to where the international business field is going. Additionally, the paradigm has successfully embraced phenomena such as Alliance Capitalism, technological accumulation, international networks and dynamic capabilities, by which firms cooperate and mutually increase their ownership advantages. These are areas of research that according to the critics are not addressed by the paradigm. Moreover, the Location element of the paradigm increases in importance in the sense that subsidiary location has become important because they are embedded in their foreign locations and can benefit from their networks and national innovation systems and therefore adding value to the MNC. On the other hand, dynamic capabilities are created not just within firms but by interacting or cooperating with other firms and actors (Knowledge enhancing technological dynamism) and they become part of the O advantages. These ownership advantages also come from the interaction with locations with which initial ‘O’ advantages are crucial for the development of absorptive capacity. Dunning argues that capabilities or ownership advantages are a condition for internalizing. This is a dynamic view in which advantages are an evolutionary concept. Critics say that some strategic considerations may not be covered by the OLI and that routines and processes should be added (OLMA). However, even though the paradigm does not specifically address routines and processes it addresses the ownership advantages that may result from them. Every day problem solving activities create unique core capabilities that are idiosyncratic of each firm, therefore giving them or enhancing existing ‘O’ advantages. This means that the OLI paradigm still holds for strategy considerations, especially in terms of capability development (in terms of O). Also in some way in ‘L’ with economies of location and experiences of location. Finally also with the interaction between O and L which creates a complex interaction at different levels and interactions. For example in the case of subsidiaries, competence creating subsidiaries actually enhance Ownership advantages therefore giving strength to the argument that O advantages are not only originated in the MNE ´s home country but also arise in subsidiaries as well. Today we can apply this also to international business networks, so rather than a legal definition of the firm, the MNE per se, the OLI paradigm can used as a method to analyze international business networks and also the MNE firm as a strategic coordinator of such networks. In other words the subject area moves on but the paradigm remains relevant, partly because of the degree of flexibility which is built in some of these characteristics, especially in the Ownership advantages, which is by the way, the most important component of the paradigm, because it is the one that ties everything together, since it is the properties of learning that define the location or the transactional network basis of the firm. Conclusions The objective of the eclectic paradigm is not to explain the multinational firm but the level and pattern of foreign value added activities of firms. It helps explain not only the initial act of foreign production but also its growth. The eclectic paradigm overcomes the limitations of partial theories of international production and provides a holistic framework in which existing alternative and complementary theories of international production coexist (Tolentino, 2001). In the international business field a systemic approach is now more needed than ever, in addition it must be inherently interdisciplinary. At the beginning the eclectic paradigm had a more descriptive approach. It was originally developed by integrating some international business theories that come mainly from economics. Theory of trade in Vernon ´s case, theory of the firm of the industry in Hymer ´s case and again theory of the firm in Buckley and Casson’s case. Nowadays it is relevant to combine theories taken from different disciplines. Different ways to think about the world, new perspectives. That is why a systemic approach is needed. The eclectic paradigm is now it is an umbrella that handles a range of theories, a framework that enables the understanding of how these theories are tied and work together. Therefore what is happening is that the discipline is moving away from some of the earlier theories that were essentially theories of discrete individual choice, s uch as whether to export or not, or whether or not to locate production abroad, and in the case of having located production abroad, whether to license to and independent firm or produce internally with through a subsidiary. Those were firm level choice decisions, but if instead a system is wanted and the knowledge on how it evolves through time. Therefore the eclectic framework is precisely the right way to approach a complex system, because a paradigm like the eclectic paradigm provides a broader context, providing progressive interaction between different factors and actors giving it present and future relevance. References Cantwell, J.A. and Narula, R. (2001), The eclectic paradigm in the global economy, International Journal of the Economics of Business, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 155-172; revised version reprinted as Revisiting the eclectic paradigm: new developments and current issues, chapter 1 in J.A. Cantwell and R. Narula (eds., 2003), International Business and the Eclectic Paradigm: Developing the OLI Framework, New York: Routledge. Dunning, J.H. (1958).American investment in british manufacturing industry.George Allen Unwin Ltd. Dunning, J.H. (2000), The eclectic paradigm of international production: a personal perspective, chapter 5 in NTF. Dunning, J.H. (2001), The eclectic (OLI) paradigm of international production: past, present and future, International Journal of the Economics of Business, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 173-190; revised version reprinted as chapter 2 in J.A. Cantwell and R. Narula (eds., 2003), International Business and the Eclectic Paradigm: Developing the OLI Framework, New York: Routledge. Ietto-Gillies, G. (2012), Dunnings eclectic framework, chapter 9 in TCIP. Tolentino, P.E.E. (2001), From a theory to a paradigm: examining the eclectic paradigm as a framework in international economics, International Journal of the Economics of Business, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 191-209; revised version reprinted as chapter 7 in J.A. Cantwell and R. Narula (eds., 2003), International Business and the Eclectic Paradigm: Developing the OLI Framework, New York: Routledge.

How Fish Swim Essay -- physics fish swimming

Water and all forms of water travel have long fascinated man. With his fascination and the realization that humans are ill-suited for water travel that doesn't involve remaining on the surface, an appreciation for a fish's ability to move in three dimensions with relative ease was also devloped. Although we may not fully understand the physics involved how fish swim, it is obvious from the fascination and the breadth of reseach that it will remain a goal of the modern sicientist. A fish's ability to propel itself efficiently through water is paramount to its likelihood to succeed. But before a fish need worry about any of the complications associated with moving through water (hydrodynamic drag, turbulence, buoyancy, etc.) it must first solve the problem of locomotion. The most common method for solving this problem is by muscle contraction and relaxation. The forward thrust force is created by movement of the caudal (tail) fin and varying amounts of the surrounding muscle (up to the entire body for fish that swim similar to eels) in an undulating motion. The importance of this mechanism manifests itself in the fact that 80% of a fish's body is composed of muscle used for propulsion and maneuvering. Since fish live in an environment in which they need to move in three dimensions, buoyancy plays a significant role in determining a fish's ability to swim efficiently. Fish use a couple of different strategies to solve this problem. Denser fish use their pectoral fins to create dynamic lift, similar to planes and birds. As these fish swim, their pectoral fins are positioned in such a way as to create a difference in pressure which allows the fish to maintain a certain depth. The two major drawbacks of ... ... Anjem and Marko, John. University of Illinois, Chicago. Department of Physics http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/MARKO/N004.html Smits, A. "Drag of Blunt and Streamline Bodies" Princeton University. Department of Engineering http://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/blunt.html Moore, Bobby and Warren, Michael. "The Bouyancy of Fish and the Physics Behind it" http://kingfish.coastal.edu/physics/projects/2000_fall/fish/ Tu, Xiaoyuan. "Structure of the Dynamic Fish Model". University of Toronto http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/people/tu/thesis/node50.html